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WAP, voice, and other alternative web clients from their HTML development. Since coding with tags is usually simpler then using a full-fledged language and, since most content creation tools already accept tags, two benefits are: There is a single, consistent, and easy-to-follow style in the page. This makes tagged pages a breeze to work with for many content creators (and their tools). Many HTML developers can program simple tagged pages such as the one presented in listing 1.3. This introduction of the tag-based approach continues in chapters 2 and 3, where we talk at length about JSPs, servlets, and custom tags themselves. 1.5 WAP, voice, and other alternative web clients Up to now our discussions have assumed a classic web programming model, with an HTML browser and HTML content being generated by the server. Today, however, there is a great deal of buzz surrounding the concept of wireless and nontraditional access to the Web. At the forefront of this new wave of web clients is the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) device. WAP is a set of specifications which enables users to browse online content and services using a wireless device. WAP devices range from cellular phones to pagers and Personal Digital assistants (PDA), such as PalmPilots. WAP preserves the architecture used through the Web, in which servers are holding the information and clients are accessing it through requests to the servers. The creators of WAP (the WAP Forum) took great pains to ensure that this model was very close to the traditional HTML web model, in order to keep the barrier to entry for this new technology as low as possible. How can a WAP device access a traditional web server? To access a web server, the WAP device should communicate using HTTP and TCP/IP; isn t that too complex for a cellular phone? To expect that level of software support from a mobile phone today is still a bit ambitious (although it is being anticipated), but WAP architecture obviates the need for HTTP and TCP/IP support on the phone by using gateways. WAP architecture As figure 1.4 shows, the telephone network is connected to the Web through a transcoding gateway. This gateway takes WAP requests and passes them to the Web as if they were HTTP requests; it then takes the HTTP responses and transforms them to WAP and returns them to the WAP device. Using these gateways, WAP devices can interoperate with the Web and fetch content without changing too much of the web infrastructure. In fact, any standard web server can receive

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